tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58958118681030657452024-03-05T11:49:22.701-08:00Nazrul Izuan FYPNazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-47502602269984741402011-12-30T02:00:00.000-08:002011-12-30T02:04:48.777-08:00Week 10 : Research Methodology<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYeJ8_orbkuWNw2HvzSklhJiurRw73PZJzYxIHb_D-jOzWFkLzZj2blC1ql8sREV6H3San-jVV1vW1o8_b14XNnYZs_l7KS4DXEDq_Xr6Fguwa6vW0Jd1Uc25PZmn1by1zuKOdKAnWhbc/s1600/Methodology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYeJ8_orbkuWNw2HvzSklhJiurRw73PZJzYxIHb_D-jOzWFkLzZj2blC1ql8sREV6H3San-jVV1vW1o8_b14XNnYZs_l7KS4DXEDq_Xr6Fguwa6vW0Jd1Uc25PZmn1by1zuKOdKAnWhbc/s400/Methodology.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Problem Identification & Planning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Problem identification & planning is the first phase in this project methodology. In this current phase, researcher is responsible into understanding the current system by observing the system and operate the system to indicate the system functionality and gain deep knowledge of the system context.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">By identifying system main function and the problem faced by it, the researcher will be able to identify the goal, objectives, scope and significance of the project whether this research will help to improvise current system or not. The objectives is the most crucial part of the studies to determine whether the research is succesful or not. Document and report review also being made in order to get a full understanding of the system.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">After the problem, goal, objectives, scope and significance of the project is identify, project planning need to be done. A task related to the project is being construct and properly planned. At the end of this phase, the deliverables is project proposal which contain all of the project details. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Data Analysis & Logical Modeling<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the data analysis & logical modeling phase, the current system physical data model is being analyze to determine all of the database structure of the current system. In analyzing current physical data model, few process needs to be done which is the tables and fields in the database need to be determine.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">By recognizing and identifying the tables and fields in the current database, adding into knowledge the current system functionality by observation and system operation in phase one, logical design can be construct for the current database.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Using the logical design that has been construct, entity-relationship diagram can be developed to map the current database situation. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The connections among tables and columns are known as relationships.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mapping relationships involves:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">• Listing the columns: the primary keys, the foreign keys, and the non-keys<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">• Identifying the logical connections between tables and columns<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">• Recording tables and columns on a single table or graphic representation<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> of the database. This graphic representation is known as the entity relationship<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (E-R) map.</span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Normalization<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The normalization<i> </i>represents the logical project of a database. The main goal of a logical project is to create correct relational diagrams. For this it should be:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">• avoided the redundancies, avoided the insert anomalies<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">• ensured the representation of the relations between attributes<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">• facilitated the verification of the updates, which should not force the integrity of the database.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In simple words, normalization act to split a table in many tables to eliminate redundancies of data which generates update anomalies. In this research, the normalization phase will undergo three stages which are 1<sup>st</sup> Normal Form (1NF), 2<sup>nd</sup> Normal Form (2NF) and 3<sup>rd</sup> Normal Form (3NF).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Physical Modeling<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the last phase, physical modeling is being construct maped based on the new optimized logical model. This is to show a difference between optimized data model and the original data model. The deliverables for this phased is a newly optimized physical data model.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-18648671474906083352011-12-30T01:52:00.001-08:002011-12-30T01:54:54.063-08:00Week 9 : Literature Review<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 562px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b>Title </b><o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b>Author </b><o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b>Year </b><o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b>Review </b><o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">DATA MODELS in DATABASE MANAGEMENT <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">E. F. Codd <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">1980 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 2.25pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This journal explains thoroughly about data model, purposes of data model, history of data model development and highlights common misunderstanding. <o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">Database Design Methodologies, Tools and Environments<o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">C. Batini and S. Ceri <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">1985 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This article tells about modern methodologies for database design including the new approach in database design process which is distribution design and prototyping. <o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">Tools and Transformations – Rigorous and Otherwise – for Practical Database Design <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">Arnon Rosenthal and David Reiner <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">1994 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This journal describes the tools and theory of a comprehensive system for database design and show how they work together to support multiple conceptual and logical design process. It also explains about ER+ Data Model and normalization. <o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">Implementation Design for Databases : The ‘Forgotten’ Step <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">Tim Martyn <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">2000 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This journal define about three major design steps which is conceptual, logical and physical design but the technique table partitioning and denormalization is often are treated as substeps. <o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">Conceptual Universal Database Language: Literature Review and the Future of Database Design<o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">Nikitas N. Karanikolas <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">2009 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This article describe the about the normalization instead explaining about conceptual database design and entity relationship diagram. <o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">Evolutionary Database Design<o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">Fredy Oertly, Gerald Schiller <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">1989 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This journal distinguishes between conceptual and logical database design.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">It also explains about three types of relationships with different semantics: Generalization, Aggregation and Association.<o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 29.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-top: none; border: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 88.2pt;" valign="top" width="118"> <div class="MsoNormal">Optimize Databases for Health Monitoring System <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"> <div class="MsoNormal">Catalin Bujdei, Sorin-Aurel Moraru and Stefan Dan <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal">2008 <o:p></o:p></div></td> <td style="background: #E7EBF5; border-bottom: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #0F6FC6 1.0pt; padding: .05in .1in .05in .1in; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252"> <div class="MsoNormal">This journal explain about optimizing databases performances by normalization, using indexes; recreate and defragmentate indexes., statistics update, manage concurrency, table and index partitioning, SQL tuning and disk defragmentation. <o:p></o:p></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-46979652653006885672011-12-30T01:48:00.000-08:002011-12-30T01:48:33.529-08:00Week 8 : Objectives<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.25pt;">Three objective has been made to optimized data model of Sistem Semakan Syarat Selangkah ke UiTM </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
<ul><li><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Construct a logical model from the current physical model.</span></li>
<li><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Analyze normalization form and referential integrity issues.</span></li>
<li><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Propose an enhance data model for System Semakan Syarat Selangkah ke UiTM.</span></li>
</ul></div>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-84471760963141728412011-12-30T01:46:00.000-08:002011-12-30T01:48:53.125-08:00Week 7 : Background & Problem Statement<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 35.25pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -35.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 9px;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><b> </b></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Research Background</b><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><b>Optimizing Database</b></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Database is most one of the key factors in developing an information system, the system itself can be considered as successful if the database can process well in executing data and giving the exact information requested with nominal time. This is when the design of the database play a major part.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To optimize database means to increase the performances of that database. To obtain a system with very good performances supposes to have best performances for every component of that system. One of the most important components of the system is represented by the database. The type of the database, the methods and parameters used to create the database and the way how the database is used could increase or decrease the performances of the entire system.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A data model is a set of constructs for expressing how data is structured, constrained and manipulated. Different data models are required for different types of designs: conceptual schemas, logical schemas (suited to a particular data model or DBMS Interface), and physical schemas that capture implementation detail. A database design system needs to represent and manipulate all of these, either as separate models or as special cases of a more general model<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b> Sistem Selangkah</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahagian Pengambilan Pelajar (BPP) is the division which is responsible for managing student intakes and admissions for Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is also responsible for promoting UiTM to prospective students, especially Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) holders as well as Malaysian Higher Education Certificate (STPM) holders; providing relevant information regarding the available courses offered at UiTM.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Semakan Syarat Selangkah ke UiTM is one of the system owned and developed by Bahagian Pengambilan Pelajar (BPP) UiTM, this system provide accessible platform for user to access anytime widely through world wide web. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.25pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> <b> </b></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Problem Statement</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=5895811868103065745&postID=8447176096314172841" name="_GoBack"></a>current database System Semakan Syarat Selangkah ke UiTM has no logical model which makes it difficult to identify what is the problem that cause the delay in system response during peak time.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The development of the current database for System Semakan Syarat Selangkah ke UiTM is done straight to the physical design without taking into consideration to the logical design of the data model. During peak time which exactly after SPM and STPM result being released, the response time by the database is often delayed and the user frequently get request time out at their browser when they trying to reaching this site. By using awstat analyzer, it’s shows that during that time the user who is trying to reach the site is over 1 million.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The unavailability of the logical model make it not possible to study the design of the database structure to identify what is the main cause that contributing in this problem. <o:p></o:p></span></div>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-21628464700701680992011-11-08T00:17:00.000-08:002011-11-08T00:17:01.936-08:00Problem Statement FixedMeeting my supervisor and do some alteration on my problem statement.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Problem Statement : <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The dissabilities to change the structure of system policies and criteria of selection as it changed over the year shows that the design of the system structure is inflexible and make it inefficient to capture the data to construct an analytical processing .<o:p></o:p></span></div>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-26301963070633388632011-11-01T21:46:00.000-07:002011-11-01T21:47:53.786-07:00Interviewing the BPP<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Have done a several meet up with Bahagian Pengambilan Pelajar IT Officer which is En. Azrul Amir. In the meeting, En. Azrul has requested some new features for the design structure :</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Design new module for login administration.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Design new module for admin (formula-based rule)</span></li>
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Hardcode Coding > User friendly interface</span></li>
</ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">User friendly and recognition towards end user.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sent the result of semak syarat by email.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Generate a written report and statistic for admin.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Generate a PDF format for user output.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Make the system more user friendly without need to scroll down by the end user </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">when using it.</span></li>
</ul><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There's a lot of request from BPP itself but still I need to redesign the database structure to add administration module.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Problem Statement : The dissabilities to change the structure of system policies and criteria of selection as it changed over the year shows that the design of the system structure is inflexible and make it inefficient to capture the data to construct an analytical processing .</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-29137468796367302022011-10-18T22:15:00.000-07:002011-10-26T17:07:22.569-07:00Problem Statement (roughly)I've decided to do a details documentation and enhancement on Sistem Selangkah ke UiTM. Since I was one of the engine developer for Intake Management System Checking to University (I-MAS-C-U) owned by the Ministry of Higher Education which is an upgrade to the Sistem Selangkah ke UiTM, I've discovered there a lot of weaknesses in documentation area which is there is no proper details documentation and this will be such a big problems in the term of further references, data collection or integration in the future.<br />
<div><br />
</div><div>As an Information System Engineering student, I would like to fix this kind of problem because it was my responsibilities to provide a better reference for future used.</div><div><br />
</div><div>My area of studies will be on the Database Area while Izzat is on System Design.</div><div><br />
</div><div><ul><li>Model the current structure of the database</li>
<li>Optimize the design to analyze the data</li>
<li>Do analytical processing in which to capture the data.</li>
<li>Came out with SRS</li>
</ul></div>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-6922538296662835492011-10-18T21:56:00.000-07:002011-10-18T21:56:46.917-07:00ProgressI've been a little bit busy this week since I've got a lot of presentation and preparing for my Prototype presentation and documentation review for ITS670. That's doesn't mean I didn't do my progress work on my fyp, it's just I didn't much time to update my blog...heck, even my personal blog being abandon since new semester starts.<br />
<br />
On 13th October which is last Thursday, Izzat and me had discuss our fyp together with our supervisor which is Puan Suriati and Dr. Ariza. Only after the discussion we got some clear objective and problem statement about our fyp.Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-32576960378560250122011-10-11T09:20:00.000-07:002011-10-11T09:23:49.548-07:00Bloom's Taxonomy<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Taxonomy or in simple
words is Classification. In 1956 by committee of colleges, led by
Benjamin Bloom identifies three domains of learning, each of which is organised
as a series of levels or pre-requisites.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cognitive: mental skills (Knowledge)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas
(Attitude)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (Skills)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #cc0000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cognitive
Domain</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956) involves knowledge and the development of
intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts,
procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual
abilities and skills. There are six major categories, which are listed in order
below, starting from the simplest behavior to the most complex. The categories
can be thought of as degrees of difficulties. That is, the first ones must
normally be mastered before the next ones can take place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffcc; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: outset; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: outset; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-style: outset; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-top-style: outset; border-top-width: 1.5pt; width: 550px;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Category<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Example
and Key Words (verbs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Knowledge</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Recall data or information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Recite a policy. Quote prices from memory to a customer.
Knows the safety rules.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists,
matches, names, outlines, recalls, recognizes, reproduces, selects, states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Comprehension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Understand the meaning, translation, interpolation, and
interpretation of instructions and problems. State a problem in one's own
words.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Rewrites the principles of test writing. Explain in
one's own words the steps for performing a complex task. Translates an
equation into a computer spreadsheet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: comprehends, converts, defends, distinguishes,
estimates, explains, extends, generalizes, gives an example, infers, interprets,
paraphrases, predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Application</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an
abstraction. Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel situations
in the work place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Use a manual to calculate an employee's vacation time.
Apply laws of statistics to evaluate the reliability of a written test.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates,
discovers, manipulates, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces,
relates, shows, solves, uses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analysis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Separates material or concepts into component parts so
that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between
facts and inferences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Troubleshoot a piece of equipment by using logical
deduction. Recognize logical fallacies in reasoning. Gathers information
from a department and selects the required tasks for training.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: analyzes, breaks down, compares,
contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs, differentiates, discriminates,
distinguishes, identifies, illustrates, infers, outlines, relates, selects,
separates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Synthesis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put
parts together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning or
structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Write a company operations or process manual. Design a
machine to perform a specific task. Integrates training from several sources
to solve a problem. Revises and process to improve the outcome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates,
devises, designs, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans,
rearranges, reconstructs, relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites,
summarizes, tells, writes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Evaluation</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Make judgments about the value of ideas or materials.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Select the most effective solution. Hire the most
qualified candidate. Explain and justify a new budget.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes,
critiques, defends, describes, discriminates, evaluates, explains,
interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Affective Domain</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The affective domain
(Krathwohl, Bloom, Masia, 1973) includes the manner in which we deal with
things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms,
motivations, and attitudes. The five major categories are listed from the
simplest behavior to the most complex:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
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<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffcc; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: outset; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: outset; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-style: outset; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-top-style: outset; border-top-width: 1.5pt; width: 550px;">
<tbody>
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<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Category<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Example
and Key Words (verbs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Receiving Phenomena</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Awareness, willingness to hear, selected attention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Listen to others with respect. Listen for and remember
the name of newly introduced people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: asks, chooses, describes, follows, gives, holds,
identifies, locates, names, points to, selects, sits, erects, replies, uses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Responding to Phenomena</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Active participation on the part of the
learners. Attends and reacts to a particular phenomenon. Learning
outcomes may emphasize compliance in responding, willingness to respond, or
satisfaction in responding (motivation).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Participates in class discussions. Gives a
presentation. Questions new ideals, concepts, models, etc. in order to fully
understand them. Know the safety rules and practices them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: answers, assists, aids, complies, conforms, discusses,
greets, helps, labels, performs, practices, presents, reads, recites,
reports, selects, tells, writes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Valuing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: The worth or value a person attaches to a particular
object, phenomenon, or behavior. This ranges from simple acceptance to
the more complex state of commitment. Valuing is based on the
internalization of a set of specified values, while clues to these values are
expressed in the learner's overt behavior and are often identifiable. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Demonstrates belief in the democratic
process. Is sensitive towards individual and cultural differences (value
diversity). Shows the ability to solve problems. Proposes a plan to
social improvement and follows through with commitment. Informs management on
matters that one feels strongly about.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: completes, demonstrates, differentiates, explains,
follows, forms, initiates, invites, joins, justifies, proposes, reads,
reports, selects, shares, studies, works.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Organization</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Organizes values into priorities by contrasting
different values, resolving conflicts between them, and creating an unique
value system. The emphasis is on comparing, relating, and synthesizing
values. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Recognizes the need for balance between freedom
and responsible behavior. Accepts responsibility for one's behavior.
Explains the role of systematic planning in solving problems. Accepts
professional ethical standards. Creates a life plan in harmony with
abilities, interests, and beliefs. Prioritizes time effectively to meet the
needs of the organization, family, and self.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: adheres, alters, arranges, combines, compares,
completes, defends, explains, formulates, generalizes, identifies,
integrates, modifies, orders, organizes, prepares, relates, synthesizes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Internalizing values</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (characterization): Has a value system that controls
their behavior. The behavior is pervasive, consistent, predictable, and
most importantly, characteristic of the learner. Instructional
objectives are concerned with the student's general patterns of adjustment
(personal, social, emotional).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Shows self-reliance when working
independently. Cooperates in group activities (displays teamwork).
Uses an objective approach in problem solving. Displays a professional
commitment to ethical practice on a daily basis. Revises judgments and
changes behavior in light of new evidence. Values people for what they are,
not how they look.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: acts, discriminates, displays, influences, listens,
modifies, performs, practices, proposes, qualifies, questions, revises,
serves, solves, verifies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="psychomotor"></a><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Psychomotor Domain</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.85pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The psychomotor domain
(Simpson, 1972) includes physical movement, coordination, and use of the
motor-skill areas. Development of these skills requires practice and is
measured in terms of speed, precision, distance, procedures, or techniques in
execution. The seven major categories are listed from the simplest behavior to
the most complex:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffcc; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: outset; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: outset; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-style: outset; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-top-style: outset; border-top-width: 1.5pt; width: 550px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Category<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Example
and Key Words (verbs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perception</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: The ability to use sensory cues to guide motor
activity. This ranges from sensory stimulation, through cue selection,
to translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Detects non-verbal communication cues. Estimate
where a ball will land after it is thrown and then moving to the correct
location to catch the ball. Adjusts heat of stove to correct temperature by
smell and taste of food. Adjusts the height of the forks on a forklift by
comparing where the forks are in relation to the pallet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: chooses, describes, detects, differentiates,
distinguishes, identifies, isolates, relates, selects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Set</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Readiness to act. It includes mental, physical, and
emotional sets. These three sets are dispositions that predetermine a
person's response to different situations (sometimes called mindsets).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Knows and acts upon a sequence of steps in a
manufacturing process. Recognize one's abilities and limitations. Shows
desire to learn a new process (motivation). NOTE: This subdivision of
Psychomotor is closely related with the “Responding to phenomena” subdivision
of the Affective domain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: begins, displays, explains, moves, proceeds, reacts,
shows, states, volunteers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Guided Response</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: The early stages in learning a complex skill that
includes imitation and trial and error. Adequacy of performance is achieved
by practicing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Performs a mathematical equation as demonstrated.
Follows instructions to build a model. Responds hand-signals of instructor
while learning to operate a forklift.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: copies, traces, follows, react, reproduce, responds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mechanism</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: This is the intermediate stage in learning a complex
skill. Learned responses have become habitual and the movements can be
performed with some confidence and proficiency.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Use a personal computer. Repair a leaking
faucet. Drive a car.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: assembles, calibrates, constructs, dismantles, displays,
fastens, fixes, grinds, heats, manipulates, measures, mends, mixes,
organizes, sketches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Complex Overt Response</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: The skillful performance of motor acts that involve
complex movement patterns. Proficiency is indicated by a quick,
accurate, and highly coordinated performance, requiring a minimum of
energy. This category includes performing without hesitation, and
automatic performance. For example, players are often utter sounds of
satisfaction or expletives as soon as they hit a tennis ball or throw a
football, because they can tell by the feel of the act what the result will
produce.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Maneuvers a car into a tight parallel parking
spot. Operates a computer quickly and accurately. Displays competence while
playing the piano.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: assembles, builds, calibrates, constructs, dismantles,
displays, fastens, fixes, grinds, heats, manipulates, measures, mends, mixes,
organizes, sketches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NOTE: The Key Words are the same
as Mechanism, but will have adverbs or adjectives that indicate that the
performance is quicker, better, more accurate, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adaptation</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Skills are well developed and the individual can modify
movement patterns to fit special requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Responds effectively to unexpected
experiences. Modifies instruction to meet the needs of the learners.
Perform a task with a machine that it was not originally intended to do
(machine is not damaged and there is no danger in performing the new task).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: adapts, alters, changes, rearranges, reorganizes,
revises, varies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Origination</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Creating new movement patterns to fit a particular
situation or specific problem. Learning outcomes emphasize creativity based
upon highly developed skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Constructs a new theory. Develops a new and
comprehensive training programming. Creates a new gymnastic routine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Words</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: arranges, builds, combines, composes, constructs,
creates, designs, initiate, makes, originates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">References :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_Taxonomy"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_Taxonomy</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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</span>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5895811868103065745.post-25962362161460842612011-10-05T06:12:00.000-07:002011-10-12T05:20:16.623-07:00Introduction<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Salam...</span><br />
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This blog is being made as a requirement to monitor my final year project progress through out this two semester until I've got my degree. In this blog I will share about all my readings in the form of journal, article or even web-based that is related with my fyp.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As for introduction I am final year student in the course <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 16px;"><em style="color: black; font-style: normal;">Bachelor</em> Of Science (Hons) (<em style="color: black; font-style: normal;">Information Systems Engineering</em>). As for now I still in the dark and have no clue what are my fyp will focus on. Just in a general, I will focus more in the Database area. Maybe in the specific area such as Database Optimization.</span></span>Nazrul Izuanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01376051725322900015noreply@blogger.com1